“Vascular dementia” is a general term used to describe problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory and other thought processes, when they are caused by decreased cerebral blood flow.  In addition, medical researchers have observed that the risk factors for vascular dementia are the same as those for heart disease and stroke, and symptoms are more likely to manifest after the age of 65. [2]

As the second most common form of dementia in the U.S. and Europe[1], vascular dementia is a widespread condition among older adults.  In the search for strategies to prevent and reverse vascular dementia, the ancient Chinese herb, Huperzia serrata, has been studied extensively.

Huperzine A Improves Brain Function within 8 Weeks

Clinical trials have shown that Huperzine A, derived from Huperzia serrata,  significantly relieves memory problems, including forgetfulness, Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.[1]  In fact, numerous studies have concluded that Huperzine A:

• strengthens the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other, and
• markedly improves mental fuction in those with vascular dementia.[1]

More recently, an exciting 2012 study showed vascular dementia patients improving significantly after only 8 weeks in several areas of brain function, including:

• memory
• calculation
• language
• visual spatial abilities.

In addition, Huperzine A was well-tolerated by patients, with no side effects.[3]

Combine 3 Plant-Based Supplements to Stay Mentally Sharp

An even more targeted strategy for using Huperzine A for brain health is to combine it with other well-researched herbal ingredients shown to increase blood flow to the brain. [4,5]

A unique herbal formulation called MemoryWise has been formulated to combine the actions of three powerful, plant-based nutrients:  Huperzine A, Vinpocetine, and Ginkgo biloba extract.  Combining these three herbal ingredients lets you easily benefit from ALL their individual actions, giving you the targeted support you need to protect and sharpen brain function.

Research with Vinpocetine (derived from the plant constituent vincamine) has demonstrated that it significantly improves both brain function and quality of life for patients with chronically reduced cerebral blood flow.[6]

Ginkgo biloba extract, proven in numerous studies to increase blood flow to the brain, may offer significant protection against the development of vascular dementia, along with various other “side effects” of aging.[7]

Studies indicate that the benefits of using all three supplements in the potencies found in MemoryWise include:

1. strengthening the ability of brain cells to communicate more effectively with each other;
2. increasing brain energy, and
3. maintaining proper brain blood flow. [4,5,6,7,8]

References:

1.  Neuroprotective Effects of Huperzine A, Wang R, Tang XC, Neurosignals, 14(1- 2):71-82, 2005.

2.  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vascular-ementia/DS00934/DSECTION=risk-factors

3.  Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients, Xu ZQ, et al, Cell Biochem Biophys, 62(1):55-8, Jan 2012.

4.  Vinpocetine in neurological diseases, Szapáry L, et al, Ideggyogy Sz, 65(11-12):387-93, Nov 30, 2012.

5.  Ginkgo biloba extract neuroprotective action is dependent on heme oxygenase 1 in ischemic reperfusion brain injury, Saleem S, Zhuang H, Biswal S, Christen Y, Doré S, Stroke,    39(12):3389-96, Dec 2008.

6.   Study of the effects of vinpocetine on cognitive functions, Valikovics A, Csányi A, Németh L, Ideggyogy Sz, 65(3-4):115-20, Mar 30, 2012.

7.   Murray Michael T, ND and Pizzorno, Joseph E Jr, ND, Textbook of Natural Medicine, 3rd Edition, Ginkgo biloba, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; pp  975-86, 2006.

8.    Vinpocetine Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 7(3):240-3, June 2002.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

“People begin to feel a difference in brain function in their mid 40s,” said biomedical nutritionist Parris Kidd, Ph.D., an expert in brain function, aging and nutrition. These cognitive losses are associated with reduced levels of phosphatidylserine (PS), so middle age is a good time to start supplementing with this nutrient.[1]

PS Essential for Brain “Housekeeping”

PS is a phospholipid essential in “cell housekeeping.” The brain has a higher level of phospholipids than any other organ, probably because PS is necessary for brain cell membranes to generate, store, transmit and receive nerve impulses.[1,2]

PS supplementation exerts significant benefit for brain function, especially those functions that tend to decline with age, including memory, learning, vocabulary skills, and concentration.[2]  Very importantly, PS levels are disrupted by free radicals (unstable molecules that attack cells) from pollutants, drugs, poor diet, inadequate sleep and emotional stress.[1] The good news is that PS supplementation may protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.[2,3]

Extensive Research Shows Safety and Efficacy

PS is one of the most extensively-researched brain nutrients. Clinical evidence shows PS is a truly safe and effective way to support brain functions as people age.[4] No drug interactions have been found, and it may actually improve absorption of other nutrients.[1]

In more than 35 human studies, PS consistently improved ability to:

• recognize faces and names
• learn and remember information
• maintain concentration
• recall locations of misplaced objects

PS “Rolled Back the Clock” 12 Years

On brain scans, researchers were able to watch volunteers’ brains “light up” with significantly greater activity when PS was administered, and it slowed deterioration in the brain’s glucose metabolism and energy states.[5]   These gains faded four months after discontinuing PS.[6]

Two major double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have been conducted in the United States. In the first study, 149 people ages 50-75 were given 100 mg of PS three times daily for 12 weeks.

All showed statistically significant (90% probability) improvement in learning and recalling names and faces, and in recognizing faces. Older people with greater memory impairment improved the most, also showing improvements in the ability to concentrate and recall telephone numbers, misplaced objects, and paragraphs they had read. For this group, PS reduced cognitive age by about 12 years.[7]

In another study, PS was given to patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease. They showed significantly improved memory (95% probability) of names of familiar persons, misplaced objects and events. A subgroup with relatively mild impairment also showed improved concentration and overall cognition. Most of these benefits appeared in as few as three weeks.[8]

These benefits continued for weeks even after PS was discontinued.[9]  Patients with mild to moderate memory loss showed significant improvement in brain function.[10] There was also reduced apathy and withdrawal, greater self-sufficiency, fewer sleep disturbances, more adaptable behavior [11] and improved immediate and delayed recall. [12]

In a group of nearly 500 volunteers with moderate to severe cognitive atrophy, ages 65-93, the group receiving 300 mg of PS per day for six months showed significantly higher learning and memory scores and less withdrawal and apathy than the placebo group.[13]

In a 2010, double-blind, randomized study conducted on elderly Japanese subjects it was found that oral administration of PS for 6 months enhanced memory function and it especially improved recall in those with memory problems. The safety of PS was also confirmed. The authors of this study concluded that since delayed recall is thought to be one of the brain functions impaired at the earliest stage of dementia, PS may serve as a desirable supplement for preventing dementia development in people with memory complaints.[14]

While most research has focused on people with some degree of memory loss, regular oral doses of PS have also helped healthy, young men counteract exercise-induced stress.[15]

PS Helps Growth and “Recycling” of Nerve Cells

PS apparently also tells the immune system which cells are worn out and should be “recycled,” Kidd said.[16]   PS corrected disruptions in subjects’ “internal 24-hour clocks”[17] and enhanced brain performance as measured by EEG, which reflects diminished function in aged or memory-impaired people.[18] Results with PS in animals overwhelmingly support the clinical conclusions of the human studies.[16]

In rats, PS increased the growth of dendrites, tiny extensions of brain cells that are crucial to memory and learning.[19] Dendrites form the network of pathways that allow brain cells to communicate with each other.

Suggested Use

Given orally, PS is rapidly absorbed and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier to reach the brain, where it acts exclusively in cell membranes. The daily dosage for PS is 100 mg to 300 mg, and it has an excellent safety record. Improvements with PS supplementation become noticeable in 3-4 weeks and when supplementation stops, the benefits fade with time.[1]

PS is best taken with meals, and should not be taken right before bedtime, because it increases brain activity and may cause wakefulness. Everyone 40 and older can benefit from this nutrient, especially when combined with lifestyle modification, exercise and a good diet.[1]

Choosing a Good Phosphatidylserine Product

Taking the precursor serine does not have the same effect as PS, nor does taking conventional phospholipids (lecithin) products, which contain only trace amounts of PS. Phosphatidylserine derived from soy has been proven to offer significant benefits for memory, cognition and learning, without the side effects commonly associated with prescription drugs.[1,14] An ideal research-based phosphatidylserine supplement should provide 100 mg of  PS per capsule, to be taken 1 to 3 times daily.

See Related Articles:

• Promoting Healthy Heart & Brain Function with Omega-3 Fish Oil
• Do You Need Protection Against Toxic Food Additives?
• New Study with Former Football Players Concludes: Key Nutritional Supplements Can Reverse Brain Injuries
• Protect Against Drug-Induced CoQ10 Deficiency And Support Vital Cellular Energy Production
• Boost Your Brain Function At Any Age, and Protect Against Memory Decline

References:

1. Interview with Dr. Parris Kidd, Townsend Letter for Doctors, pp 136-38, January 1996.
2. Phosphatidylserine Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 13 (3):245-7, Sept 2008.
3. Docosahexaenoic acid and phosphatidylserine supplementations improve antioxidant activities and cognitive functions of the developing brain on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure model, Liu SH, et al, Brain Res, 1451:19-26, Apr 27, 2012.
4. Phosphatidylserine: Membrane Nutrient for Memory: A Clinical and Mechanistic Assessment, Kidd, Parris M., Ph.D. Alt Med Rev 1(2): 70-84) 1996.
5. Activation PET as an instrument to determine therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer’s Disease, Heiss, W.D., et al, Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 695: 327-31, 1993.
6.Long-term effects of phosphatidylserine, pyritinol, and cognitive training in Alzheimer’s disease, Heiss WD, et al, Dementia, 5(2):88-98, Mar-Apr 1994.
7. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age associated memory impairment, Crook, T.H., et al, Neurology, 41(5): 644-9, May 1991.
8. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer’s disease, Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC,
Psychopharmacol Bull, 28(1):61-6, 1992.
9. Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: results of a multicenter study, Amaducci, L., Psychopharmacol Bull, 24(1): 130-34, 1988.
10. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients, Delwaide, P.J., et al, Acta Neurol Scand, 73(2):136-40, Feb 1986.
11. Double-blind controlled trial of phosphatidylserine in subjects with senile mental deterioration, Palmieri, G., et al, Clin Trials J, 24:73-83, 1987.
12. Multicentre clinical trial of brain phosphatidylserine in elderly subjects with mental deterioration, Villardita, C., et al, Clin Trials J, 24:84-93, 1987.
13 Cognitive decline in the elderly: A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration, Cenacchi, B., et al, Aging Clin Exp Res, 5:123-33, 1993.
14. Soybean-derived phosphatidylserine improves memory function of the elderly Japanese subjects with memory complaints, Kato-Kataoka A, Sakai M, Ebina R, Nonaka C, Asano T, Miyamori T, J Clin Biochem Nutr, 47(3):246-55, Nov 2010.
15. Effects of phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men, Monteleone, P., et al, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 42:385-88, 1992.
16. Kidd, Parris M., Ph.D., Phosphatidylserine (PS) A Remarkable Brain Cell Nutrient, Lucas Meyer, Inc., 1995.
17. TSH circadian secretions in aged men and effect of phosphatidylserine dosing, Masturzo, P., et al, Chronobiologia, 17:267-74, 1990.
18. Phosphatidylserine: quantitative EEG effects in healthy volunteers, Rosadini, G., et al, Neuropsychobiology, 24:42-48, 1991.
19. Behavioral and morpho-functional correlates of brain aging: a preclinical study with phosphatidylserine, Nunzi, M.G., et al, Adv Exp Med Biol, 318:393-98, 1992.

Many negative factors in our diet, lifestyle and environment may increase the risk of heart disease,  but a large body of research indicates there is a safe, simple and inexpensive strategy that can help keep your heart healthy.  By supplementing with the right combination of key heart nutrients and herbs, it is possible to offset many heart disease risk factors, and protect your cardiovascular health.

The heart is a complex organ, but supporting heart function naturally doesn’t have to be complicated.  Research with a number of heart-specific nutrients has shown that, while they all target cardiovascular health, they work through different mechanisms to support the heart.  This knowledge has provided a solid, scientific rationale for taking these nutrients in combination.  In fact, eight of the best-researched “super” heart nutrients have been included in a unique, single formula called HeartWise, and the recommended dosage is only four capsules daily.

OVERVIEW:  8 Super Nutrients for Your Heart

#1:  CoQ10  – This antioxidant is absolutely critical to heart and cellular energy;  low CoQ10 levels were found to be the #1 predictor of death within 6 months.

#2:  Bioperine – Regarded for years as an aid to CoQ10 absorption, this pepper extract can help with blood pressure, blood sugar levels, artery health, inflammation, and more.

#3:  Hawthorn – A very heart-specific herb, hawthorn has been proven beneficial for heart muscle strength, blood vessel integrity, blood flow and oxygen utilization.

#4:  High Potency Garlic – An abundance of research backs up over 5000 years of using garlic to prevent and treat conditions such as atherosclerosis, blood clots, high blood pressure, oxidative damage to the heart and arteries, and more.

#5:  L-Carnitine  – Known as the heart’s “fuel pump,” L-carnitine  improves heart function, helps with angina, and aids in recovery from heart attack, heart damage, and more.

#6:  Taurine -  An important and effective regulator of cholesterol levels, heart beat and blood pressure, taurine also protects the heart tissue from damage.

#7:  Grape Seed Extract – Due to its high polyphenol content, grape seed extract is especially noted for its ability to protect artery health and even reverse atherosclerosis.

#8:  Tocotrienols – This Vitamin E subgroup has “40 to 60 times higher” antioxidant activity than tocopherols, and offers significant protection against blood clots and plaque formation within the artery wall.

Super Nutrient #1: CoenzymeQ10

Essential for Healthy Heart Function

“Statin” drugs—for lowering cholesterol levels—have been widely promoted as a good way to prevent heart disease, but these drugs can have serious adverse effects.  Most alarming is the ability of statin drugs to block the body’s synthesis of Coenzyme Q10, reducing blood plasma CoQ10 levels by up to 50%![3] Since your body needs CoQ10 to ensure the health of virtually all tissues and organs, ignoring a drug-induced CoQ10 deficiency can have deadly consequences.

Coenzyme Q10 has been extensively studied for its role in helping provide energy for normal heart function. It plays a key role in all energy-dependent processes, especially heart muscle contraction. This important role was established in 1972 when researchers documented a link between CoQ10 deficiency and human heart disease.[4,5]

Not surprisingly, consuming supplemental CoQ10 resulted in significant improvement in patients suffering from cardiomyopathy, a weakening of the heart muscle that increases the risk for abrupt cardiac death.[6]

CoQ10 is also a potent antioxidant that protects LDL cholesterol from oxidation. This is highly relevant to cardiovascular health, because oxidation of LDL cholesterol is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerosis and clogged arteries.[7]

Important Research Results with CoQ10

Researchers have concluded that even heart transplant candidates, heart attack patients, and sufferers of congestive heart failure have experienced major improvements after receiving supplemental CoQ10. The following results of recent CoQ10 studies are especially noteworthy:

• In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, CoQ10 was given to patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation. Those receiving CoQ10 improved in the 6-minute walk test, and showed a decrease in dyspnea (labored breathing), nocturia (excessive nighttime urination), and fatigue.[7]   The most significant result was the 6-minute walk test where patients treated with CoQ10 improved their walking performance from 269 to 382 meters. By comparison, walking performance decreased from 254 to 177 meters in the placebo group.[8]

• A double-blind trial involving 144 heart attack patients (after acute myocardial infarction or “AMI”) confirmed that receiving 120 mg of CoQ10/day for one year significantly lowered total cardiac events, measures of oxidative stress, and the prevalence of fatigue as compared to placebo. The CoQ10 group also exhibited notably higher mean plasma levels of vitamin E and HDL (“good”) cholesterol at the end of the one-year period.[9]

• When oral CoQ10 was given to stable congestive heart failure patients, researchers noted improvement in functional capacity, endothelial function, and left ventricle heart contractility (efficiency), without any side effects.[10,11]  Endothelial function refers to the health of the interior surface of blood vessels.

Coenzyme Q10 is essential for the heart’s production of energy, heart health and survival. Moreover, statistical data support prediction of death within 6 months on low levels of coenzyme Q10 and other nutrients.[12]  Continuing research has confirmed that plasma levels of Coenzyme Q10 are reliable, independent predictors of survival in patients with chronic heart failure.[13]   Considering the critical nature of maintaining adequate levels of Coenzyme Q10, supplementing with this nutrient is a high priority for many people.

Super Nutrient #2: Bioperine

Helps CoQ10 Absorption & Reduces Heart Disease Risk Factors

Before any nutrient can be effective, it has to be absorbed through the body’s digestive processes. That’s why Bioperine, a purified, standardized extract of black pepper (fruit, Piper nigrum L or Piper longum L), should be included or co-administered when supplementing with Coenzyme Q10. Bioperine was shown to enhance absorption and bioavailability of various nutrients when it was co-administered with them. One study of particular importance confirmed that the bioavailability of powdered Coenzyme Q10 was increased by over 30% when it was taken with Bioperine.[14]

More recently, the results of a 2011 animal study indicate that piperine supplementation can help significantly with normalizing blood pressure and blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, maintaining artery health and improving liver function.[15]

Super Nutrient #3: Hawthorn

Improves Heart & Cardiovascular Function

Used around the world for centuries as both food and medicine, hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha), a fruit-bearing shrub, contains a variety of bioflavonoid-like complexes that appear to be the primary sources of its heart-protective actions.[16] Clinical evidence supports hawthorn’s safety and its cardiovascular benefits, especially its heart-specific activity.[17] Hawthorn’s favorable effects on the heart and cardiovascular system are reported to include:

* improved heart muscle strength;
* increased integrity of blood vessel walls;
* improved coronary blood flow;
* positive effects on oxygen utilization.[16,18,19]

Hawthorn Extract Relieved Heart Failure Symptoms

An authoritative meta-analysis examined years of available research pertaining to the use of hawthorn extract in the treatment of chronic heart failure.[20]  The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials included in the meta-analysis used extracts of hawthorn either alone or in conjunction with conventional drug therapies. Twenty-six studies and eight trials (a total of 632 people) provided data used in this statistical analysis.

The combined analysis showed that treatment with hawthorn extract (160-900 mg per day), for periods ranging from 3 to 16 weeks, relieved heart disease-related symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath, and improved certain objective measures of heart function. Moreover, hawthorn had few negative side effects. The authors of the study concluded: “…according to the best available evidence, hawthorn extract has significant benefits, compared with placebo, as an adjuvant treatment for patients with chronic heart failure.”[20]

Super Nutrient #4: High Potency Garlic

Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease

Nearly everyone in the U.S. is aware of garlic’s benefits. Garlic’s use, however, predates recorded history. This remarkable herb has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of health conditions for thousands of years.  In fact, records show that garlic remedies were being used approximately 5000 years ago, and at least 3000 years ago in Chinese medicine.[21]

What’s more, as one of the best researched herbs, garlic’s extraordinary reputation is backed up by solid science. Garlic and its preparations have been widely recognized for its actions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including:

* Preventing atherosclerosis, a condition in which the artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol;[21,22]
* Reducing abnormally elevated levels of any or all blood fats (including cholesterol);[ 21,22]
* Preventing blood clots that restrict blood flow;[ 21,22]
* Helping to normalize high blood pressure and blood sugar levels;[ 21,22]
* Protecting LDL cholesterol from attack by unstable molecules called free radicals;[ 21,22] (NOTE: When attacked by free radicals, LDL becomes sticky and is more likely to adhere to artery walls.)
* Helping to prevent the buildup of plaque within artery walls (which leads to cardiovascular disease); [23]
* Protecting against oxidative damage to the heart muscle, and subsequent heart failure;[24]

A Garlic Product’s Effectiveness Is Based On Its Allicin Potential

The principle active ingredient in garlic is alliin, which must be converted to allicin to ensure effectiveness. This conversion occurs within the digestive tract. Consequently, the preferred garlic supplement is one with guaranteed high allicin potential.[25]  A superior, deodorized nutraceutical garlic product called New Gar is produced using a special, proprietary process, and is guaranteed to  provide an allicin potential of at least 10,000 parts per million.

Super Nutrient #5: L-Carnitine

The Heart’s “Fuel Pump”

L-carnitine is a substance found naturally in most cells of the body, particularly the brain, heart, muscle and neural tissue.  Its primary function is to enable the body’s cellular energy production.

Think of your body’s cells as containing tiny “factories” which produce the energy required for the function of all your muscles and tissues.  As a fuel source, your cells’ “factories” depend largely on the burning of fatty acids.  In order for long-chain fatty acids to enter into the cells easily, they must be transported by L-carnitine. Because the body cannot produce its own L-carnitine, its transport into the heart and skeletal muscles, as well as many other tissues, is of critical importance.[26]

Normal heart function is critically dependent on adequate levels of L-carnitine. A deficiency of L-carnitine in the heart would be similar to trying to run an automobile without a fuel pump. Despite plenty of fuel, there would be no way to get it to the engine.[26]

L-carnitine is useful in angina due to its ability to improve oxygen usage and energy metabolism by the heart muscle. Also, as a result of improving fatty acid usage and energy production, L-carnitine prevents the production of toxic byproducts,[27] which can be extremely damaging and disrupting to the body’s cells.

L-Carnitine Protects Cells in the Heart and Arteries

Changes in the properties of cell membranes throughout the heart are thought to contribute to impaired heart muscle contraction, increased susceptibility to irregular beats, and to the eventual death of heart tissue. Supplementing the diet with L-carnitine increases levels within the heart tissue, and helps to prevent heart damage.

L-carnitine also boosts antioxidant enzyme levels, helping to protect cells from unstable molecules called free radicals. In addition to helping with angina, these cell-protective effects make L-carnitine beneficial in recovery from:  heart attack, deterioration of the heart muscle, irregular heart rhythm, and congestive heart failure.[26,28,29]

Besides its other benefits for heart health, L-carnitine was found to help normalize blood fats by lowering triglycerides and total cholesterol levels while raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) “good cholesterol.” After 4 months of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with elevated blood fats, typical changes included a 20% reduction for total cholesterol, a 28% decrease in triglycerides, and a 12% increase in HDL levels.[26,30]  Similarly, a 3-month study conducted in 2009 found that L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes, while significantly increasing beneficial HDL.[31]  Since oxidized LDL contributes to coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, these findings indicate that L-carnitine supplementation may help prevent cardiovascular disease.

One other very important benefit of L-carnitine is that it allows the heart muscle to use a limited oxygen supply more efficiently. This translates to improved heart function, especially in cases where heart damage may have already occurred. Improvements after supplementing with L-carnitine have been noted in both exercise tolerance and heart function.[ 26,30]

Super Nutrient #6: Taurine

Relentless Protector of Heart Health

Taurine is a naturally-occurring substance, found in the tissues of humans and most animal species. The largest amounts of taurine are found in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and it is involved in a number of bodily processes.[32]  Various studies indicate taurine is safe and effective for the management of cardiovascular diseases[32] through various mechanisms.

Taurine’s ability to reduce total cholesterol has been described as “striking” based on a variety of experiments. Taurine reduces total cholesterol levels primarily by decreasing very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).[ 33] These forms of cholesterol are sometimes referred to as “bad cholesterol.”

What’s more, taurine aids in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, thereby protecting the heart muscle from cell death. [32]

Benefits for Heart Beat, Blood Pressure and CHF

Taurine’s use in preventing abnormal heart beat is well-known and documented.[34]  Studies have also revealed taurine to be capable of lowering blood pressure, due to its positive effects on the force of muscular contractions of the heart.[35,36]  Other research has shown that taurine functions as an antioxidant, protecting heart tissue from damage by unstable molecules.[37]

An impressive Japanese study found that taurine is capable of helping those with congestive heart failure (CHF). Taurine supplementation was significantly more effective than placebo at decreasing problems with shortness of breath, abnormal heartbeat, crackles from fluid buildup in the lungs, and edema (from fluid retention) in congestive heart failure patients. Taurine also increased their capacity for exercise.[38]

The potential health benefits of taurine in cardiovascular disease are rapidly emerging. Although more research needs to be performed, numerous experimental and several clinical studies have demonstrated how taurine supports the cardiovascular system.[39]

Most recently, a 2012 study, published online by the European Journal of Nutrition, found that taurine may be protective against coronary heart disease in those with high serum cholesterol levels.[40]

Super Nutrient #7: Grape Seed Extract

Powerful Heart and Artery Protection

Grape seed extract is a powerful ingredient shown to be especially beneficial to the heart. Grape seeds are noted for their high concentrations of polyphenols (powerful, cell-protecting plant constituents).  Studies strongly support the use of grape seed extract to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.[41]

The following study results highlight the heart and artery-protective effects of grape polyphenols:

• Polyphenolic grape flavonoids were shown to protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation and reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions.[42]

• In animal experiments, a high-polyphenol grape extract reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area by 41% as compared to control or placebo.[42]

• Consumption of grape seed extract by human subjects was linked to increased serum antioxidant potential, and reduced LDL oxidation. According to the researchers, these outcomes indicate a significant reduction in coronary heart disease risk.[43]

• In patients with coronary heart disease, intake of red grape polyphenol extract caused a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (the ability of the artery to relax and expand to accommodate increased blood flow).[44]   Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is reduced in patients with atherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors.[45]

In addition, a recent scientific review states that dietary consumption of grape supplements, high in polyphenols, is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers.[46]  When selecting a grape seed extract product, look for one standardized to contain 95% polyphenols.

Super Nutrient #8: Tocotrienols

Unique, Significant Cardiovascular Benefits

Tocotrienols are a subgroup within the vitamin E family. Even though studies relating to tocotrienols account for only about 1% of the published research regarding vitamin E [47], recent developments indicate that tocotrienols possess powerful cardiovascular-specific properties that are not exhibited by tocopherols (the most well-known vitamin E subgroup).

New research has verified that very small amounts of tocotrienols suppress the activity of the liver enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase).[47]  Even more importantly, tocotrienols were shown to have a “profound inhibitory effect” on the sticking of certain white blood cells (monocytes) to arterial walls. [48]

How Tocotrienols Support Healthy Arteries

The finding that tocotrienols have the ability to lower the production of monocytes (soluble adhesion molecules) is very significant for heart disease patients, because high levels of these white blood cells have been associated with increased plaque formation within artery walls.[49]
Heart disease patients have been found to have higher circulating levels of soluble adhesion molecules that stick to cell walls.[48,50]  Researchers have sought ways of lowering the production of these molecules in order to reduce the risk of developing heart disease. With this in mind, Japanese researchers discovered that tocotrienols significantly inhibited the adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells, with delta-tocotrienol exerting the most profound protective effect.[48]

“Forty to Sixty Times Higher” Antioxidant Activity

Findings from recent research studies suggest that tocotrienols have a very different and more powerful protective action on the heart than alpha-tocopherol. To add to their other unique benefits, tocotrienols have forty to sixty times higher antioxidant activity than tocopherols,[51] and, due to their greater recycling efficiency, tocotrienols have more staying power. In other words, tocotrienols have much more potent effects in protecting against unstable molecules (free radicals) that attack, damage and destroy the body’s cells.

Furthermore, it’s important to note that tocotrienols, and not tocopherols, were shown to extend the average lifespan of C. elegans, a well-recognized model for studying aging and lifespan.[52]

In summary, tocotrienols have many unique and powerful heart-protective effects, including protecting LDL cholesterol from being damaged by unstable molecules called free radicals, reducing cholesterol levels, protecting against blood clots, and preventing plaque formation within the artery wall.  Tocotrienols also help prevent thickening of artery walls such as occurs with cardiovascular disease.[53]

The Ideal Heart-Health Formula

Tracking down and purchasing the right forms of targeted heart nutrients, in the recommended dosages, could become time-consuming and costly.  That’s why a new, natural formula called HeartWise has been developed, combining all eight potent heart-specific “super nutrients”:  CoQ10, Bioperine, Hawthorn, Garlic, L-Carnitine, Taurine, Grape Seed Extract and Tocotrienols.  HeartWise is the only formulation of its kind which includes each of these key, synergistic ingredients in the potencies supported by research.

See Related Articles:

• Promoting Healthy Heart & Brain Function with Omega-3 Fish Oil
• Protect Against Drug-Induced CoQ10 Deficiency And Support Vital Cellular Energy Production
• “Remarkable, Simple Nutrient” Protects Against Heart Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Radiation and More
• Say Good-Bye to Toxic Fat: ALA Speeds Weight Loss
• Latest Studies: Nutrient Reverses End-Stage Congestive Heart Failure Symptoms
• Best New Vitamin C Supplement Is Absorbed Faster, Retained Longer

References:

1.  Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2012 Update : A Report From the American Heart Association, Circulation, 2012; 125: 188-197.
2.  NCHS Data Brief, Death in the United States, 2009, (64) July 2011, www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db64.pdf
3.  Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins, Caso G, et al, Am J Cardiol, 15; 99(10): 1409-12, May 2007.
4. Langsjoen, Peter H, MD, Introduction to Coenzyme Q10 (Research Rpt), Tyler, TX, 1994.
5. The Emerging Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Aging, Neurodegeneration, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus, Dhanasekaran M, Ren J, Current Neurovascular Research, 2(5):447-59 (13), December 2005.
6.  Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Coenzyme Q10, Gaby AR; Mischley LK, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 859-69, 2006.
7.  Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study, Berman M, et al, Clin Cardiol, 27(5):295-9, May 2004.
8.  Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: an update, Littarru GP, and Tiano L, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 8(6):641-6, Nov 2005.
9.  Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction, Singh RB, et al, Mol Cell Biochem, 246(1-2): 75-82, Apr 2003.
10.  Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure, Belardinelli R, et al, Eur Heart J, August 1, 2006.
11.  Coenzyme Q10 improves contractility of dysfunctional myocardium in chronic heart failure, Belardinelli R, et al, Biofactors, 25(1-4): 137-45, 2005.
12.  Statistical data support prediction of death within 6 months on low levels of coenzyme Q10 and other entities, Jameson S, Clin Investig, 71(8 Suppl):S137-9, 1993.
13.  Coenzyme Q10; an adjunctive therapy for congestive heart failure?, Molyneux SL, et al, N Z Med J, 122(1305):74-9, Oct 30, 2009.
14.  Piperine derived from black pepper increases the plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 following oral supplementation, Badmaev V,Majeed M, Prakash L, J Nutr Biochem, 11(2): 109-13, Feb 2000.
15.  Piperine attenuates cardiovascular, liver and metabolic changes in high carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats, Diwan V, Poudyal H,  Brown L, Cell Biochem Biophys, Oct 30, 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
16.  Hawthorn: potential roles in cardiovascular disease, Chang WT, Dao J, Shao ZH, Am J Chin Med, 33(1):1-10, 2005.
17.    Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs, Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; pp 182-91, 2000.
18.   Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 15(2):164-7, Jul 2010.
19.   Murray MT and Pizzorno JE, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn), Third Edition, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 881-85, 2006.
20.   Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials, Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E, Am J Med, 114(8): 665-74, June 1, 2003.
21.    Murray MT and Pizzorno JE, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Allium sativum, Third
Edition, Vol 1, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 729-37, 2006.
22.    Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review, Banerjee SK; Maulik SK, Nutr J, 1:4, 2002.
23.    Inhibition of arteriosclerotic plaque development by garlic, Siegel G, et al, Wien Med Wochenschr, 154(21-22):515-22, Nov 2004.
24.  Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways, Liu C, et al, J Nutr Biochem, 21(12):1238-50, Dec 2010.
25.    A Review of the Cardiovascular Benefits and Antioxidant Properties of Allicin, Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan RY, Chan SW, Phytother Res, Aug 8, 2012.
26.  Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Carnitine, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 809-21, 2006.
27.  Role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism of normal and ischemic myocardium, Opie LH, Am Heart J, 97(3):375-88, Mar 1979.
28.  L-carnitine. A Preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism, Goa KL, Brogden RN, Drugs, 34(1):1-24, Jul 1987.
29.  The effects of L-carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, Gürlek A, et al, Eur J Heart Fail, 2(2):189-93, Jun 2000.
30.  L-carnitine Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 10(1):42-50, Mar 2005.
31.  L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes, Malaguarnera M, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89(1):71-6, Jan 2009.
32.  Taurine – monograph, Altern Med Rev, 6(1):78-82, Feb 2001.
33.  The effect of taurine on cholesterol metabolism, Chen W, Guo JX, Chang P, Mol Nutr Food Res, 56(5):681-90, May 2012.
34.  Taurine and electrical activity of the heart, Chazov EI, Malchikova LS, Lipina NV, Asafov GB, Smirnov VN, Circ Res, 35 Suppl 3:11-21, Sept 1974.
35. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension,  Fujita T, Ando K, Noda H, Ito Y, Sato Y, Circulation, 75(3):525-32, Mar 1987.
36. Central cardiovascular effects of taurine: comparison with homotaurine and muscimol, Bousquet P, Feldman J,  Bloch R, Schwartz J, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 219(1):213-8, Oct 1981.
37. Taurine protects the heart from neutrophil-induced reperfusion injury, Raschke P, Massoudy P, Becker BF, Free Radic Biol Med, 19(4):461-71, Oct 1995.
38. Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind crossover trial, Azuma J, et al, Clin Cardiol,  8(5):276-82, May 1985.
39. The potential health benefits of taurine in cardiovascular disease, Xu YJ, Arneja AS, Tappia PS, Dhalla NS, Exp Clin Cardiol, 13(2):57-65, Summer 2008.
40. Serum taurine and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective, nested case-control study, Wójcik OP, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Pearte C, Costa M, Chen Y, Eur J Nutr, Feb 2012.
41.  Cardioprotective actions of grape polyphenols, Leifert WR, Abeywardena MY, Nutr Res, 28(11):729-37, Nov 2008
42.  Grape Powder Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E Deficient (E0) Mice and Reduce Macrophage Atherogenicity, Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Coleman R, Aviram M, J Nutr, 135(4): 722-8, April 2005.
43.  Bioabsorption and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Grape Extract Biovin: A Human  Intervention Study, Rao et al, J Medicinal Food, 3(1): 15-22, 2000.
44. Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease, Lekakis J, et al, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 12(6): 596-600, Dec 2005.
45. Flow-mediated vasodilation: A diagnostic instrument, or an experimental tool?, Moens AL, Goovaerts I, Claeys MJ, Vrints CJ, Chest, 127(6): 2254-63, June 2005.
46. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes, Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB, Int J Mol Sci, 11(2):622-46, Feb 4, 2010.
47. Tocotrienols: Vitamin E beyond tocopherols, Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S, Life Sci, 78(18):2088-98, March 2006.
48. Tocotrienols reduce 25-hydroxycholesterol induced monocyte-endothelial cell interaction by inhibiting the surface expression of adhesion molecules, Naito Y, et al, Atherosclerosis, 180(1):19-25, May 2005.
49. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part II: Acute-Phase Reactants and Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation, Armstrong EJ, et al, Circulation, 113:152-155, 2006.
50. Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure, Adamopoulos S, Parissis J, Kroupis C, Georgiadis M, Karatzas D, Karavolias G, Koniavitou K, Coats AJ, Kremastinos DT, Eur Heart J, 22(9):791-7, May 2001.
51. Free radical recycling and intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol, Serbinova E, Kagan V, Han D, Packer L, Free Radic Biol Med, 10(5):263-75, 1991.
52.  Effects of tocotrienols on life span and protein carbonylation in Caenorhabditis elegans, Adachi H, Ishii N, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 55(6):B280-5, Jun 2000.
53.  Tocotrienols and its role in cardiovascular health–a lead for drug design, Vasanthi HR, Parameswari RP, Das DK, Curr Pharm Des, 17(21):2170-5, 2011.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice, consult a health care professional.

A 2012 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reports that daily use of a multivitamin supplement resulted in a significant reduction in cancer deaths.[1]  This study looked at 14,641 male physicians with an average age of 64 who were randomly assigned to take a multivitamin or placebo.

Although this study examined male physicians, the results are applicable to the general population. According to these findings, daily multivitamin supplementation could possibly save 46,000 American lives annually.

Official statistics for 2012 show that about 577,190 Americans are expected to die of cancer, more than 1,500 people a day.[2]  A modest, yet significant reduction in cancers deaths, according to this study, could possibly save 120 lives per day, or 46,000 lives annually.

Caution:  Avoid Excess Iron and Copper

Although a multivitamin-mineral supplement may help offset many nutritional deficiencies, it’s important to realize that many people should avoid supplemental intake of iron and copper.[3]

Some iron and copper are essential for life, but recent research links excessive levels of these minerals to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, due to an over-accumulation in the brain. Reducing excess iron, for example, has been shown to alleviate Alzheimer’s-like symptoms.[3,4,5]

Iron and copper have also been shown to promote the formation of toxic free radicals, unstable molecular fragments that damage and destroy the body’s cells.[6]  Free radicals have long been associated with multiple diseases, including the following:

• atherosclerosis
• heart disease
• cancer
• inflammatory joint disease
• asthma
• diabetes
• senile dementia
• degenerative eye disease. [7]

Consequently, medical experts now recommend iron and/or copper supplementation only for individuals who have been tested and found to have insufficient levels of these minerals.

Choosing the Right Multivitamin Supplement

If you are not iron- or copper-deficient, choose a good multivitamin-mineral supplement that is iron- and copper-free.  Most multivitamins contain iron and copper, but a high potency, iron- and copper-free multivitamin-mineral supplement has been formulated by PhD scientists, and is now recommended by doctors nationwide.  Designed to be sold exclusively through health professionals, this superior multivitamin, Opti-Formula 3000 , is now available directly to consumers.
To read more about the importance of vitamin and mineral supplementation click here.

See Related Articles:

• New Study with Former Football Players Concludes: Key Nutritional Supplements Can Reverse Brain Injuries
• The Myth of the ‘Balanced Diet’…and the Best Way to Get the Nutrients You Need
• Best New Vitamin C Supplement Is Absorbed Faster, Retained Longer

References:

1.   Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II
randomized controlled trial, Gaziano JM, et al, JAMA, 308(18):1871-80, Oct
17, 2012.
2.   Cancer Facts & Figures, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, 2012.
3.   A New Target in Fighting Brain Disease: Metals, Jan 31, 2012, Wall Street Journal.
4.   Tau deficiency induces parkinsonism with dementia by impairing APP-mediated iron
export, Lei P, et al, Nat Med, 18(2):291-5, Jan 29, 2012.
5.   The Metal Theory of Alzheimer’s Disease, Bush AI, J Alzheimers Dis, May 24, 2012.
6.   Minimization of free radical damage by metal catalysis of multivitamin/multimineral
supplements, Rabovsky AB, Komarov AM, Ivie JS, Buettner GR, Nutr J, 9:61, Nov
23, 2010.
7.   The role of free radicals in disease, Florence TM, Aust NZ, J Ophthalmol, 23(1):3-7,
Feb 1995.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice, consult a health care professional.

Most recently, a 2012 study evaluated the effectiveness of elderberry in mice infected with the human influenza virus. Oral administration of elderberry suppressed viral replication and strongly enhanced the animals’ immune systems and ability to fight influenza.[1] The authors concluded that elderberry had a beneficial effect by stimulating an immune response and preventing viral infection.

The results of this 2012 study indicate that elderberry holds significant promise for treating the influenza virus.  Influenza, a viral respiratory infection, remains a looming, worldwide threat, with high potential to cause a pandemic.[1]  In a pandemic, infectious disease spreads through human populations across a large region. In cases of influenza, a critical condition often results in both old and young people. Very few medications are effective against the virus, and even these medications can quickly lose their effectiveness.

Elderberry stands out as one of the only effective herbals known to help in preventing and treating colds and flu.

2012 Results Confirmed by Previous Elderberry Extract Study

In 1995, Israeli scientists reported their results in treating patients with elderberry extract during an outbreak of influenza. A standardized elderberry extract was used in this placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Significant improvement of the symptoms, including fever, was seen in 93.3% of the cases in the elderberry treated group within 2 days, whereas in the control group, only 91.7% of the patients showed improvement within 6 days. A complete cure was achieved within 2 to 3 days in nearly 90% of the elderberry-treated group.[3]

In addition to these impressive results, a long history of studies have confirmed the effectiveness of elderberry extract against influenza viruses, HIV strains and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Very importantly, elderberry extracts have been shown to have immune-enhancing activity in healthy individuals as well as in those with viral infections or other diseases characterized by immunosuppression.[2]

Recommended Elderberry Supplement Forms for Healthy Immune Function

Elderberry is available in liquid (syrup) or powdered (capsule) form, but one of the most concentrated elderberry products available is a 50:1 extract, meaning that 50 pounds of elderberries are used to make one pound of extract.

Traditionally, elderberry extract has been combined with other herbs in order to enhance their actions through “synergism.”  Synergism occurs when two or more herbs are combined, and the resulting combination achieves far more than what each is able to accomplish individually.[4,5]

Based on the principles of synergism and scientific proof, a powerful herbal formula, ImmuneWise, has been developed to provide broad spectrum, seasonal and year-round immune support.  ImmuneWise capsules include a potent 50:1 Elderberry Extract in combination with Allisure stabilized allicin from garlic, standardized Olive Leaf Extract, standardized Oregano Oil, ImmunEnhancer (a prebiotic) and Rosemary Oil.

For a more in-depth look at the science behind the ingredients in ImmuneWise, see:  Power-Up Your Defenses with Herbs that Support Immune Function.

References:

1. Anti-influenza virus effects of elderberry juice and its fractions, Kinoshita E, Hayashi K, Katayama H, Hayashi T, Obata A, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 76(9):1633-8, 2012.
2. Monograph, Sambucus nigra (elderberry), Altern Med Rev, 10(1):51-4, Mar 2005.
3. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama, Zakay-Rones Z, et al, Altern Complement Med, 1(4):361-9, 1995.
4. Synergistic therapeutic actions of herbal ingredients and their mechanisms from molecular interaction and network perspectives, Ma XH, Zheng, et al, Drug Discov Today, 14(11-12):579-88, June 2009.
5. Synergism of herbs in classical Chinese medicine: evidence from HPLC, Shaw K, et al, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(Suppl 1):P39, 2012.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice, consult a health care professional.

The function of the eye is much the same as that of a very sophisticated camera, in which the retina serves as the “film.”  More specifically, the retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye, which captures an image of the visual world. In the human eye, the macula is an oval-shaped, highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina.  The macula absorbs excess blue and ultraviolet light that enters the eye, and acts as a natural “sunblock” for this area of the retina.

The two major components of the yellow macular pigment of the retina are nutrients belonging to the carotenoid family:  lutein and zeaxanthin.  Carotenoids are naturally-occurring pigments found in plants.

Lutein and zeaxanthin are powerful antioxidants, serving to protect against damage caused by “free radicals” (unstable molecular fragments that disrupt and destroy the body’s cells). Lutein is widely known as the primary nutrient for protecting vision.[1]

In addition, both lutein and zeaxanthin reduce harmful “lipid peroxidation,” the process in which free radicals “steal” electrons from the fats within cell membranes, resulting in cell damage and vision loss.[1]  Lipid peroxidation is a likely factor in damage to the retina, which may occur over time.

Protect Eyes from Macular Degeneration, or AMD

In older Americans, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness.[2] AMD is an eye disease in which the macula is damaged, often leading to loss of central vision. AMD affects more than 1.75 million individuals in the United States. This number is projected to increase to almost 3 million by 2020.[3]

Numerous studies have examined the correlation between lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the macula, dietary intake, and macular degeneration. In the multicenter Eye Disease Case-Control study, researchers evaluated the relationship between dietary intake of carotenoids and the risk of macular degeneration in 356 subjects. The results indicated there was a 43% lower risk for AMD in individuals with the highest intake of lutein/zeaxanthin, compared to those who consumed the lowest level of these nutrients daily.[4]

In one trial, AMD patients demonstrated improvements of up to 92 percent in some visual acuity tests after subjects consumed high dietary levels of lutein 4-7 times weekly.[1,5]

Overall, lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has proven particularly beneficial in offering protection against macular degeneration, as well as improving visual acuity in the early stages of the disease.[1,6]

Preventing Cataracts

Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision in the United States, with a large percentage of the senior population exhibiting some signs of the lesion.[1,7]

Cataracts are associated with degeneration of the lens, resulting in a gradual, painless loss of vision. Free radicals (unstable molecules) appear to attack proteins within the lens, resulting in the loss of lens transparency.[1]

A Nurses Health Study examined the effect of 12 years of carotenoid consumption on the risk of cataract formation in 77,466 female nurses, ages 45 and over. After controlling for other risk factors, nurses in the highest statistical value for lutein and zeaxanthin consumption had a 22-percent decreased risk for cataract extraction, compared with those in the lowest statistical value.[8]

Various studies over the years have shown that long-term dietary intake of antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) may decrease the risk of age-related cataracts. In a recent study published in 2012, it was found that subjects with the highest plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin had 42% and 41% lower risks of cataracts compared with those with the lowest levels of lutein and zeaxanthin). The authors of this study, as a result, concluded that high plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with a decreased risk of age-related cataracts in the elderly population.[9]

Lutein May Protect Eyes Against Effects of Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is the combination of eye and vision problems associated with the long-term use of computers. In modern western society, the use of computers is almost universal. CVS, however, may have a significant impact not only on visual comfort but also occupational productivity. An estimated 64%-90% of computer users experience visual symptoms–which may include eyestrain, headaches, eye discomfort, dry eye, double vision and blurred vision–after prolonged computer use.[10]

Supplements of lutein, long-reported to have benefits for eye health, may also protect against the detrimental effects of long-term computer display light exposure, according to the results of a recent study.[11]  Improvements in the sensitivity to contrast on a computer screen were observed following 12 weeks of supplementation with 6-12 mg of lutein. Visual function in healthy subjects who received the lutein supplement improved, especially in contrast sensitivity, and results suggested that “a higher intake of lutein may have beneficial effects on the visual performance.”

More Good News: Lutein and Zeaxanthin May Help Protect Your Heart

Lutein may turn out to be the most significant carotenoid in the battle against atherosclerosis.[12]  On the basis of analysis of the different carotenoids of LDL, lycopene, beta-carotene, and cryptoxanthin were mainly located in the larger, less dense LDL particles, whereas lutein and zeaxanthin were found preferentially in the smaller, denser LDL particles.

Because the smaller, denser LDL subtype is most easily damaged by free radicals, lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly important in protecting against damage to LDL cholesterol.[12] Damage to LDL cholesterol increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Choosing a Lutein Supplement

Since the body cannot manufacture its own lutein, it must be acquired through diet or supplementation. A high-quality lutein esters supplement is available in 20 mg softgels, with a dosage of just one capsule daily. This natural blend of carotenoids provides 10 mg of free lutein, along with the important nutrients zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin.

In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted to vitamin A and is, therefore, considered a “provitamin A.” As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA.[13]

References:

1.  Lutein and zeaxanthin Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 10(2):128-35, Jun 2005.
2.  Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness, Bressler NM, JAMA, 291(15):1900-1, Apr 21, 2004.
3.  Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States, Archives of Ophthalmology, 122:564-572, 2004.
4.  Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group, Seddon JM, et al, JAMA, 272(18):1413-20, Nov 9, 1994.
5.  ARMD–pilot (case series) environmental intervention data, Richer S, J Am Optom Assoc, 70(1):24-36, Jan 1999.
6.  Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine, Third Edition – Beta-carotene and other Carotenoids, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, p 775, 2006.
7.  Causes and Prevalence of Visual Impairment Among Adults in the United States, Archives of Ophthalmology, 122:477-485, 2004.
8.  A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women, Chasan-Taber L, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 70(4):509-16, Oct 1999.
9.  Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and the risk of age-related nuclear cataract among the elderly Finnish population, Karppi J, Laukkanen JA, Kurl S, Br J Nutr, 108(1):148-54, Jul 2012.
10. Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments. Rosenfield M, Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 31(5):502-15, Sep 2011.
11. A 12-week lutein supplementation improves visual function in Chinese people with long-term computer display light exposure, Ma L, Lin XM, Zou ZY, Xu XR, Li Y, Xu R, Br J Nutr, 102(2):186-90, Jul 2009.
12. Carotenoid composition and antioxidant potential in subfractions of human low-density lipoprotein, Lowe GM, Bilton RF, Davies IG, Ford TC, Billington D, Young AJ, Ann Clin Biochem, 36 ( Pt 3):323-32, May 1999.
13. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin stimulates the repair of DNA oxidation damage in addition to acting as an antioxidant in human cells, Lorenzo Y,Azqueta A, Luna L, Bonilla F, Domínguez G, Collins AR, Carcinogenesis,30(2):308-14, Feb 2009.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

While it’s true that, in large amounts, some types of fat are bad for your health (not to mention your waistline), there are some we simply can’t live without. In reality, some fats cause disease while other fats heal.[5]  Fortunately, more Americans are moving away from the trend of following a “low-fat” diet toward one that is based on understanding the differences among fats.

The foods we eat contain a complex mixture of fats and oils whose basic structural components are called fatty acids. We generally consume at least 20 different types of fatty acids, each of which is classified as either saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.[6]

“Essential Fats” Are Lacking in the Typical American Diet

What are the “good” fats humans MUST have to survive? They’re known as the essential fatty acids (EFAs): omega-3 (alpha linolenic acids, or LNA) and omega-6 (linoleic acids, or LA). We call them “essential fats” because the body requires them for health and can’t manufacture them from other sources. They must be obtained through diet and/or supplementation. Both these fats are thought to pull life-giving oxygen into our cells and keep it there, much the way a magnet pulls and holds iron filings.[7]

It is estimated that approximately 80 percent of Americans consume an insufficient amount of essential fatty acids.[8]  This shortage of essential fats in the typical American diet may contribute to the modern epidemics of cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure and strokes.[9,10,11]  While nutritional deficiencies are certainly not the sole cause of modern diseases, they are powerful negative forces that undermine health.[12]

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids which fall under the “polyunsaturated” classification. Humans are not able to synthesize omega-3s, but cold-water fish such as tuna, trout and salmon are especially rich sources of these beneficial fats. High quality, purified fish-oil supplements are also an excellent direct source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), important derivatives of omega-3 oils. EPA and DHA perform vital functions in maintaining health and preventing disease.[6]

Certain plant oils (such as flaxseed or pumpkin seed) contain an abundance of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA).[6]  This fatty acid is a metabolic precursor of the EPA and DHA found in fish and fish oils. The body must convert alpha-linolenic acid to EPA and DHA, however, and this conversion is not efficient in people who consume a typical Western diet.[6]

Omega-3 Fatty Acids are Crucial for Maintaining Health

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids are used in the formation of the cellular membranes of all the body’s tissues.[7]  What’s more, the brain needs omega-3s to develop properly during infancy, and they are “essential in growth and development throughout the life cycle.”[13]

Another vital function of omega-3 fats is their role in the production of prostaglandins, the chemical “messengers” that are found in every organ. Just how vital are prostaglandins?  Prostaglandins regulate most body processes, including:

• Immune system function
• Healing
• Heart function
• Blood pressure
• Clot formation
• Inflammation
• Pain
• Hormone production
• Digestion
• Elimination
• Nerve transmission
• Allergic response –and more.[7]

In addition, prostaglandins are involved in recovery from fatigue, growth, cell division, brain development, and the ability to learn and recall.[14]

New studies have revealed a number of specific health benefits associated with omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3s have been shown to:

• help blood flow smoothly,[15]
• reduce clotting,[16] and
• lower triglycerides.[17]

In addition, omega-3s may ease rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease,[18] improve psoriasis[19] and combat cancer.[20]

Low Omega-3 Intake Creates Dangerous Imbalance

Research indicates that optimal health is best achieved through a diet providing equal amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids compete with the omega-6 fatty acids for incorporation into all cell membranes. Unfortunately, the sad reality is that in modern Western diets, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ranges from approximately 10:1 to 20:1, instead of the desired range of 1:1 to 2:1.[21]

Not surprisingly, therefore, studies show that a disproportionately high intake of omega-6 fatty acids shifts the physiologic state to one that increases the risk of heart disease.[21] Three main factors have been identified as causing this imbalance:

1. Milling grain into white flour;
2. A dependence on beef for protein;
3. The processing and hydrogenation of vegetable oils.[22]

A Low-Fat Diet Can Lead to Weight Gain

One of the worst things about many popular “low-fat” diets is their high content of simple sugars (including refined starches). The cruel irony is that these high-carbohydrate, low-fat foods release a rapid jolt of glucose that our bodies quickly store as harmful fats.[8]

Sadly, this leads to weight gain, degenerative diseases, increased blood triglycerides and cholesterol, depleted stores of’ vitamins and minerals, and malfunctioning of our essential fatty acids, adrenal glands and immune systems.[8]

Clearly, a person pursuing optimal health should consume the right fats and avoid simple sugars, in addition to avoiding dangerous fats.

Harmful Fats to Avoid: Trans Fats

Many types of commercially-processed fats/oils have been exposed to excessive heat, light and oxygen during processing. This exposure robs the fats of natural nutrition and creates toxic free radicals.[22]

Hydrogenation stabilizes fats, but also “twists” some molecules into trans fats that: (1) harm brain and body,[22] (2) raise bad LDL cholesterol, (3) increase triglycerides, (4) lower good HDL cholesterol levels, and (5) increase the risk of heart disease and cancer.[23,24]

When fed trans fats, your body creates defective cell structures that cannot properly expel toxins, causing the cells to become undernourished and toxic.[22] These defective cells lose their ability to hold water, nutrients and electrolytes. They can’t communicate with other cells or be controlled by regulating hormones. They simply are not able to function properly.[8] While the body can use omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to create “good” prostaglandin messengers, animal fats convert into messengers that make trouble by increasing inflammation and making blood platelets “stickier.” This may lead to hardening of the arteries, heart disease and strokes.[8]

Choosing Omega-3 Supplements

When choosing an omega-3 or EFA supplement, it’s important to remember that omega-6 and -9 fatty acids are plentiful in our diets — in fact, we probably get too much. Omega-3 fatty acids, however, are often lacking in the typical American diet. Consequently, it is generally necessary to either eat foods rich in omega-3, and/or supplement with contaminant-free fish oil sources.

High-quality fish oils provide rich amounts of long-chain omega-3 EFAs and are shown to promote heart health, based on evidence from secondary prevention trials, which investigated whether advising people to eat fish can prevent a second heart attack. The well-known GISSI and DART trials have demonstrated that marine fatty acids significantly reduce mortality in people who already have cardiovascular disease.[25]

Numerous studies over the course of many years have confirmed the life-extending benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. In a 2012 review by researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine the authors stated: “Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. They reduce fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), sudden cardiac death, and all-cause mortality. They are well-tolerated and cause minimal adverse effects.”[26]

To make sure you get a premium-quality omega-3 supplement, select a natural fish oil concentrate that has been tested to be free of potentially harmful levels of contaminants (i.e. mercury, heavy metals, PCB’s, dioxins, and other contaminants). The best products are available as enteric-coated, odor-controlled softgels. This form of omega-3 is easier to digest, and is especially helpful for those who experience nausea or reflux from other fish oils.

Recently, an improved omega-3 fish oil supplement, Ultra Omega-3, has become available.  Ultra Omega-3 provides increased amounts of EPA and DHA per softgel, making it preferable for people who wish to take fewer softgels per day.

See Related Articles:

• Help for Declining Brain Function: Nutrient Reverses Mental Aging by 12 Years
• 8 Nutrients Proven to Offer BIG Heart Health Benefits
• Protect Against Drug-Induced CoQ10 Deficiency And Support Vital Cellular Energy Production
• Latest Studies: Nutrient Reverses End-Stage Congestive Heart Failure Symptoms
• New Study with Former Football Players Concludes: Key Nutritional Supplements Can Reverse Brain Injuries
• Boost Your Brain Function At Any Age, and Protect Against Memory Decline

References:

1.    Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 hit-restricted diets in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic men. The Dietary Alternatives Study, Knopp RH, et al, JAMA, 278 (18):1509-15, 1997.
2.    The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets, Brehm BJ, et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90(3):1475-82, Mar 2005.
3.    Can fat explain the human brain’s big bang evolution? – Horrobin’s leads for comparative and functional genomics, Erren TC, Erren M, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, Volume 70, Issue 4, pp 345-47, Apr 2004.
4.    Docosahexaenoic acid in the diet: its importance in maintenance and restoration of neural membrane function, Horrocks LA, Farooqui AA, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 70(4):361-72, Apr 2004.
5.    Know Your Fats, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, Jun 23, 2012.
6.    The science behind dietary omega-3 fatty acids, Surette ME, CMAJ, 178(2):177-80, Jan 15, 2008.
7.    Erasmus, Udo, Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill, British Columbia: Alive Books, 1993: 31-51, 272.
8.    Murray, Michael T., N.D., Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1996: 243-68.
9.     Fish oil fatty acids as cardiovascular drugs, Leaf A, Kang JX, Xiao YF, Curr Vasc  Pharmacol, 6(1):1-12, Jan 2008.
10.   Modulation of angiogenesis by {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated by cyclooxygenases, Szymczak M, Murray M, Petrovic N, Blood, Jan 23, 2008.
11.   {Omega}-3 fatty acids in the treatment of diabetic patients: biological rationale and clinical data, De Caterina R, et al, Diabetes Care, 30(4):1012-26, Apr 2007.
12.    Low essential fatty acid and B-vitamin status in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia and its response to dietary supplementation, Kemperman RF, et al, Prostaglandins Leukot  Essent Fatty Acids, Feb 2006.
13.    Essential fatty acids and the brain: From infancy to aging, Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI, Neurobiol Aging, 26 Suppl 1:98-102, Dec 2005.
14.    Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development, Simopoulos  AP, Am J Clin Nutr, 54(3):438-63, 1991.
15.    Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augments brachial artery dilation and blood flow during forearm contraction, Walser B, Giordano RM, Stebbins CL, Eur J Appl Physiol, 97(3):347-54, Jun 2006.
16.    Variable hypocoagulant effect of fish oil intake in humans: modulation of fibrinogen level and thrombin generation, Vanschoonbeek K, et al, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24(9):1734-40, Sep 2004.
17.    Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hartweg J, et al,  Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1):CD003205, Jan 23, 2008.
18.    A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain, Goldberg RJ, Katz J Pain, 129(1-2):210-23, May 2007.
19.    Is there a role for topically delivered eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of psoriasis?, Zulfakar MH, Edwards M, Heard CM, Eur J Dermatol, 17(4):284-91, Jul-Aug 2007.
20.    Modulation of angiogenesis by {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated by cyclooxygenases, Szymczak M, Murray M, Petrovic N, Blood, 111(7): 3514-21, 1 April 2008.
21.    Omega-3 fatty acids and athletics, Simopoulos AP, Curr Sports Med Rep, 6(4):230-6, Jul 2007.
22.    Pelton, Ross, R.Ph., Ph.D., Mind Food and Smart Pills, New York: Doubleday, 1989: 257-74.
23.    Consumption of trans fats and estimated effects on coronary heart disease in Iran, Mozaffarian D, Abdollahi M, Campos H, Houshiarrad A, Willett WC, Eur J Clin Nutr, 61(8):1004-10, Aug 2007.
24.    A prospective study of trans-fatty acid levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer, Chavarro JE, et al, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 17(1):95-101, Jan 2008.
25.    Fish Oil: Getting to the Heart of It, Zatsick, NM RN; Mayket, P RN, MSN, CCRN, Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 3(2):104-109, 2007.
26.    Fish oil supplementation & coronary artery disease: does it help?, Kar S, Webel R, Mo Med, 109(2):142-5, Mar-Apr 2012.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

Part 4 of a 4-Part Series

Most heart disease is caused by a buildup of plaque in the artery walls, known as “atherosclerosis.”  In this condition, the waxy plaque deposits cause the arteries to become progressively narrower, and less oxygen-rich blood is allowed to flow to the heart.  One symptom of atherosclerosis and restricted blood flow is angina (chest pain), which can also signal a heart attack.

But why does this unhealthy buildup of plaque form in artery walls?  Is there some way to prevent it?  Research supports a number of natural, nutrient-based ways that can help prevent or even reverse atherosclerosis. Two of the best-researched supplements for protecting the arteries and maintaining healthy blood flow are (1) grape seed extract, and (2) tocotrienols.  Both of these supplements are part of an exclusive, new heart-specific formulation.

Grape Seed Extract Helps Protect the Heart and Artery Walls

Grape seed extract is a powerful ingredient shown to be especially beneficial to the heart. Grape seeds are noted for their high concentrations of polyphenols (powerful, cell-protecting plant constituents).  Studies strongly support the use of grape seed extract to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.[1]

The following study results highlight the heart and artery-protective effects of grape polyphenols:

• Polyphenolic grape flavonoids were shown to protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation and reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions.[2]

• In animal experiments, a high-polyphenol grape extract reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area by 41% as compared to control or placebo.[2]

• Consumption of grape seed extract by human subjects was linked to increased serum antioxidant potential, and reduced LDL oxidation. According to the researchers, these outcomes indicate a significant reduction in coronary heart disease risk.[3]

• In patients with coronary heart disease, intake of red grape polyphenol extract caused a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (the ability of the artery to relax and expand to accommodate increased blood flow).[4]   Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is reduced in patients with atherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors.[5]

In addition, a recent scientific review states that dietary consumption of grape supplements, high in polyphenols, is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers.[6]  When selecting a grape seed extract product, look for one standardized to contain 95% polyphenols.

Tocotrienols Promote Cardiovascular Health

Tocotrienols are an important subgroup within the vitamin E family. Even though studies relating to tocotrienols account for only about 1% of the published research regarding vitamin E [7], recent developments indicate that tocotrienols possess powerful cardiovascular-specific properties that are not exhibited by tocopherols (the most well-known vitamin E subgroup).

New research has verified that very small amounts of tocotrienols suppress the activity of the liver enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase).[7]  Even more importantly, tocotrienols were shown to have a “profound inhibitory effect” on the sticking of certain white blood cells (monocytes) to arterial walls. [8]

Significance of Tocotrienols for Heart Disease Patients

The finding that tocotrienols have the ability to lower the production of monocytes (soluble adhesion molecules) is very significant for heart disease patients, because high levels of these white blood cells have been associated with increased plaque formation within artery walls.[9]  Heart disease patients have been found to have higher circulating levels of soluble adhesion molecules that stick to cell walls.[8,10]  Researchers have sought ways of lowering the production of these molecules in order to reduce the risk of developing heart disease.  With this in mind, Japanese researchers discovered that tocotrienols significantly inhibited the adherence of monocytes to human endothelial cells, with delta-tocotrienol exerting the most profound protective effect.[8]

“Forty to Sixty Times Higher” Antioxidant Activity

Findings from recent research studies suggest that tocotrienols have a very different and more powerful protective action on the heart than alpha-tocopherol. To add to their other unique benefits, tocotrienols have forty to sixty times higher antioxidant activity than tocopherols,[11] and, due to their greater recycling efficiency, tocotrienols have more staying power.  In other words, tocotrienols have much more potent effects in protecting against unstable molecules (free radicals) that attack, damage and destroy the body’s cells.

Furthermore, it’s important to note that tocotrienols, and not tocopherols, were shown to extend the average lifespan of C. elegans, a well-recognized model for studying aging and lifespan.[12]

In summary, tocotrienols have many unique and powerful heart-protective effects, including:

• Protecting LDL cholesterol from being damaged by unstable molecules called free radicals;
• Reducing cholesterol levels;
• Protecting against blood clots;
• Preventing plaque formation within the artery wall;
• Helping to prevent thickening of artery walls, such as occurs with cardiovascular disease.[13]

Because of their significant heart-supporting benefits, both tocotrienols and grape seed extract have been included as key ingredients in a new, scientifically-based heart formulation called HeartWise.  Other potent, heart-supportive ingredients in HeartWise include:  CoQ10, hawthorn extract, deodorized garlic, L-carnitine, and taurine.

This post is Part Four of a 4-Part series on Super Nutrients for Heart Health.

References:

1.  Cardioprotective actions of grape polyphenols, Leifert WR, Abeywardena MY, Nutr Res, 28(11):729-37, Nov 2008
2.  Grape Powder Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E Deficient (E0) Mice and Reduce Macrophage Atherogenicity, Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Coleman R, Aviram M, J Nutr, 135(4): 722-8, April 2005.
3.  Bioabsorption and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Grape Extract Biovin: A Human  Intervention Study, Rao et al, J Medicinal Food, 3(1): 15-22, 2000.
4. Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease, Lekakis J, et al, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil,12(6): 596-600, Dec 2005.
5. Flow-mediated vasodilation: A diagnostic instrument, or an experimental tool?, Moens AL, Goovaerts I, Claeys MJ, Vrints CJ, Chest, 127(6): 2254-63, June 2005.
6. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes, Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB, Int J Mol Sci, 11(2):622-46, Feb 4, 2010.
7. Tocotrienols: Vitamin E beyond tocopherols, Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S, Life Sci, 78(18):2088-98, March 2006.
8. Tocotrienols reduce 25-hydroxycholesterol induced monocyte-endothelial cell interaction by inhibiting the surface expression of adhesion molecules, Naito Y, et al, Atherosclerosis, 180(1):19-25, May 2005.
9. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part II: Acute-Phase Reactants and Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation, Armstrong EJ, et al, Circulation 113: 152-155, 2006.
10. Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure, Adamopoulos S, Parissis J, Kroupis C, Georgiadis M, Karatzas D, Karavolias G, Koniavitou K, Coats AJ, Kremastinos DT, Eur Heart J, 22(9):791-7, May 2001.
11. Free radical recycling and intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol, Serbinova E, Kagan V, Han D, Packer L, Free Radic Biol Med, 10(5):263-75, 1991.
12.  Effects of tocotrienols on life span and protein carbonylation in Caenorhabditis elegans, Adachi H, Ishii N, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 55(6):B280-5, Jun 2000.
13.  Tocotrienols and its role in cardiovascular health–a lead for drug design, Vasanthi HR, Parameswari RP, Das DK, Curr Pharm Des, 17(21):2170-5, 2011.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

Part 3 of a 4-Part Series   

As we reach our 50s and beyond, maintaining a healthy heart and cardiovascular system may become more difficult.  This is due, in part, to the inevitable loss of lean muscle mass (including heart muscle) which comes with age.  Fortunately, supplementing with two important amino acids—L-carnitine and taurine—has been shown to help protect against damage to the heart muscle and the circulatory system.

L-Carnitine, the Heart’s “Fuel Pump”

L-carnitine is a substance found naturally in most cells of the body, particularly the brain, heart, muscle and neural tissue.  Its primary function is to enable the body’s cellular energy production.

Think of your body’s cells as tiny “factories” which produce the energy required for the function of all your muscles and tissues.  As a fuel source, your cells depend largely on the burning of fatty acids.  In order for long-chain fatty acids to enter into the cells easily, they must be transported by L-carnitine. Because the body cannot produce its own L-carnitine, its transport into the heart and skeletal muscles, as well as many other tissues, is of vital importance.[1]

Healthy heart function is critically dependent on adequate levels of L-carnitine. To your heart, a deficiency of L-carnitine would be similar to trying to run an automobile without a fuel pump.  Despite plenty of fuel, there would be no way to get it to the engine.[1]

L-carnitine is useful in angina due to its ability to improve oxygen usage and energy metabolism by the heart muscle. Also, as a result of improving fatty acid usage and energy production, L-carnitine prevents the production of toxic byproducts,[2] which can be extremely damaging and disrupting to the body’s cells.

Protecting Cells in the Heart and Arteries

Changes in the properties of cell membranes throughout the heart are thought to contribute to impaired heart muscle contraction and increased susceptibility to irregular beats, and to the eventual death of heart tissue. Supplementing the diet with L-carnitine increases levels within the heart tissue, and helps to prevent heart damage.

L-carnitine supplements also boost antioxidant enzyme levels, helping to protect cells from unstable molecules called free radicals. In addition to helping with angina, these cell-protective effects make L-carnitine beneficial in recovery from:  heart attack, deterioration of the heart muscle, irregular heart rhythm, and congestive heart failure.[1,3,4]

Besides its other benefits for heart health, L-carnitine was found to help normalize blood fats by lowering triglycerides and total cholesterol levels while raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) “good cholesterol.” After 4 months of L-carnitine in patients with elevated blood fats, typical changes included a 20% reduction for total cholesterol, a 28% decrease in triglycerides, and a 12% increase in HDL levels.[1,5]

Similarly, a 3-month study conducted in 2009 found that L-carnitine supplements significantly reduced levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes, while significantly increasing beneficial HDL.[6]  Since oxidized LDL contributes to coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, these findings indicate that L-carnitine supplementation may help prevent cardiovascular disease.

One other very important benefit of L-carnitine is that it allows the heart muscle to use a limited oxygen supply more efficiently. This translates to improved heart function, especially in cases where heart damage may have already occurred.  Improvements after supplementing with L-carnitine have been noted in both exercise tolerance and heart function.[1,5]

Taurine Found to Have Multiple Benefits for the Heart

Taurine is a naturally-occurring substance, found in the tissues of humans and most animal species. The largest amounts of taurine are found in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and taurine is involved in a number of bodily processes.[7]  Various studies indicate taurine is safe and effective for the management of cardiovascular diseases[7] through various mechanisms.

Taurine’s ability to reduce total cholesterol has been described as “striking” based on a variety of experiments. Taurine reduces total cholesterol levels primarily by decreasing very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).[8] These forms of cholesterol are sometimes referred to as “bad cholesterol.”

What’s more, taurine aids in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, thereby protecting the heart muscle from cell death. [7]

Proven to Help Heart Beat, Blood Pressure & CHF

Taurine’s use in preventing abnormal heart beat is well-known and documented.[9]  Studies have also revealed taurine to be capable of lowering blood pressure, due to its positive effects on the force of muscular contractions of the heart.[10,11]  Other research has shown that taurine functions as an antioxidant, protecting heart tissue from damage by unstable molecules.[12]

An impressive Japanese study found that taurine is capable of helping those with congestive heart failure (CHF). Taurine supplementation was significantly more effective than placebo at decreasing problems with shortness of breath, abnormal heartbeat, crackles from fluid buildup in the lungs, and edema (from fluid retention) in congestive heart failure patients. Taurine also increased their capacity for exercise.[13]

The potential health benefits of taurine in cardiovascular disease are rapidly emerging. Although more research needs to be performed, numerous experimental and several clinical studies have demonstrated how taurine supports the cardiovascular system.[14]

Most recently, a 2012 study, published online by the European Journal of Nutrition, found that taurine may be protective against coronary heart disease in those with high serum cholesterol levels.[15]

Getting adequate amounts of L-carnitine and taurine, along with other synergistic heart nutrients, can be both simple and cost-effective when you take them as part of a heart-specific formulation. HeartWise is a unique, scientifically-advanced formula which includes both L-carnitine and taurine, along with CoQ10, hawthorn, garlic, grape seed extract, tocotrienols, and Bioperine (for CoQ10 absorption).

This post is Part Three of a 4-Part series on Super Nutrients for Heart Health.

Click here to read Part 1            Click here to read Part 2

References:

1.  Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Carnitine, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 809-21, 2006.
2.  Role of carnitine in fatty acid metabolism of normal and ischemic myocardium, Opie LH, Am Heart J, 97(3):375-88, Mar 1979.
3.  L-carnitine. A Preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism, Goa KL, Brogden RN, Drugs, 34(1):1-24, Jul 1987.
4.  The effects of L-carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, Gürlek A, et al, Eur J Heart Fail, 2(2):189-93, Jun 2000.
5.  L-carnitine Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 10(1):42-50, Mar 2005.
6.  L-carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes, Malaguarnera M, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89(1):71-6, Jan 2009.
7.  Taurine – monograph, Altern Med Rev, 6(1):78-82, Feb 2001.
8.  The effect of taurine on cholesterol metabolism, Chen W, Guo JX, Chang P, Mol Nutr Food Res, 56(5):681-90, May 2012.
9.  Taurine and electrical activity of the heart, Chazov EI, Malchikova LS, Lipina NV, Asafov GB, Smirnov VN, Circ Res, 35 Suppl 3:11-21, Sept 1974.
10. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension,  Fujita T, Ando K, Noda H, Ito Y, Sato Y, Circulation, 75(3):525-32, Mar 1987.
11. Central cardiovascular effects of taurine: comparison with homotaurine and muscimol, Bousquet P, Feldman J,  Bloch R, Schwartz J, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 219(1):213-8, Oct 1981.
12. Taurine protects the heart from neutrophil-induced reperfusion injury, Raschke P, Massoudy P, Becker BF, Free Radic Biol Med, 19(4):461-71, Oct 1995.
13. Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind crossover trial, Azuma J, Sawamura A, Awata N, Ohta H, Hamaguchi T, Harada H, Takihara K, Hasegawa H, Yamagami T, Ishiyama T, et al, Clin Cardiol,  8(5):276-82, May 1985.
14. The potential health benefits of taurine in cardiovascular disease, Xu YJ, Arneja AS, Tappia PS, Dhalla NS, Exp Clin Cardiol, 13(2):57-65, Summer 2008.
15. Serum taurine and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective, nested case-control study, Wójcik OP, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Pearte C, Costa M, Chen Y, Eur J Nutr, Feb 2012.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

Part 2 of a 4-Part Series

Maintaining healthy cardiovascular function is important to your overall health and longevity, since heart disease is the #1 cause of natural death in the U.S.[1] With so many negative influences on heart health found in our diet, lifestyle and environment, it might seem overwhelming to try to implement a heart-health plan consistently.  A large volume of research, however, indicates there is a simple, inexpensive strategy that can help you protect against heart disease:  supplementing with key heart nutrients and herbs.  Two of the best-researched herbs for supporting the heart and circulatory system are (1) hawthorn, and (2) garlic.

How Does Hawthorn Improve Heart Health & Cardiovascular Function?

Used around the world for centuries as both food and medicine, hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha), a fruit-bearing shrub, contains a variety of bioflavonoid-like complexes that appear to be the primary sources of its heart protective actions.[2] Clinical evidence supports hawthorn’s safety and its cardiovascular benefits, especially its heart-specific activity.[3] Hawthorn’s favorable effects on the heart and cardiovascular system are reported to include:

•    improved heart muscle strength;
•    increased integrity of blood vessel walls;
•    improved coronary blood flow;
•    positive effects on oxygen utilization.[2,4,5]

Hawthorn Extract Relieved Heart Failure Symptoms

An authoritative meta-analysis examined years of available research pertaining to the use of hawthorn extract in the treatment of chronic heart failure.[6]  The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials included in the meta-analysis used extracts of hawthorn either alone or in conjunction with conventional drug therapies. Twenty-six studies and eight trials (a total of 632 people) provided data used in this statistical analysis.

The combined analysis showed that treatment with hawthorn extract (160-900 mg per day), for periods ranging from 3 to 16 weeks, relieved heart disease-related symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath, and improved certain objective measures of heart function. Moreover, hawthorn had few negative side effects. The authors of the study concluded: “…according to the best available evidence, hawthorn extract has significant benefits, compared with placebo, as an adjuvant treatment for patients with chronic heart failure.”[6]

High Potency Garlic Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease

Nearly everyone in the U.S. is aware of garlic’s benefits. Garlic’s use, however, predates recorded history. This remarkable herb has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of health conditions for thousands of years.  In fact, records show that garlic remedies were being used approximately 5000 years ago, and at least 3000 years ago in Chinese medicine.[7]

What’s more, as one of the best researched herbs, garlic’s extraordinary reputation is backed up by solid science. Garlic and its preparations have been widely recognized for its actions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including:

•    Preventing atherosclerosis, a condition in which the artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol;[7,8]
•    Reducing abnormally elevated levels of any or all blood fats (including cholesterol);[7,8]
•    Preventing blood clots that restrict blood flow;[7,8]
•    Helping to normalize high blood pressure and blood sugar levels;[7,8]
•    Protecting LDL cholesterol from attack by unstable molecules called free radicals;[7,8] (NOTE: When attacked by free radicals, LDL becomes sticky and is more likely to adhere to artery walls.)
•    Helping to prevent the buildup of plaque within artery walls (which leads to cardiovascular disease); [9]
•    Protecting against oxidative damage to the heart muscle, and subsequent heart failure;[10]

A Garlic Product’s Effectiveness Is Based On Its Allicin Potential

The principle active ingredient in garlic is alliin, which must be converted to allicin to ensure effectiveness. This conversion occurs within the digestive tract. Consequently, the preferred garlic supplement is one with guaranteed high allicin potential.[11]  A superior, deodorized nutraceutical garlic product called New Gar is produced using a special, proprietary process, and is guaranteed to  provide an allicin potential of at least 10,000 parts per million.

Both hawthorn extract and guaranteed high-allicin potential garlic can help keep your heart and cardiovascular system strong and healthy.  That’s why you’ll find them both included in a unique, single formula called HeartWise.  This scientifically advanced formula also includes full, research-based amounts of CoQ10, tocotrienols, L-taurine, L-carnitine and grape seed extract for powerful natural support in your pursuit of optimal heart health.

This post is Part Two of a 4-Part series on Super Nutrients for Heart Health.

Click here to read Part 1

References:

1.  Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association, Circulation, 125: 188-197; 2012.
2.    Hawthorn: potential roles in cardiovascular disease, Chang WT, Dao J, Shao ZH, Am J Chin Med, 33(1):1-10, 2005.
3.    M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs, Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; pp 182-91, 2000.
4.   Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) Monograph, Altern Med Rev, 15(2):164-7, Jul 2010.
5.   Murray MT and Pizzorno JE, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn), Third Edition, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 881-85, 2006.
6.   Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials, Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E, Am J Med, 114(8): 665-74, June 1, 2003.
7.    Murray MT and Pizzorno JE, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Allium sativum, Third Edition, Vol 1, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 729-37, 2006.
8.    Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review, Banerjee SK; Maulik SK, Nutr J, 1:4, 2002.
9.    Inhibition of arteriosclerotic plaque development by garlic, Siegel G, et al, Wien Med Wochenschr, 154(21-22):515-22, Nov 2004.
10.  Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways, Liu C, et al, J Nutr Biochem, 21(12):1238-50, Dec 2010.
11.    A Review of the Cardiovascular Benefits and Antioxidant Properties of Allicin, Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan RY, Chan SW, Phytother Res, Aug 8, 2012.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

Part 1 of a 4-Part Series

Should you be concerned about heart health?  Probably.  According to the most recent figures from the American Heart Association, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States.[1]  In fact, it is estimated that over 80 million Americans are suffering from heart disease at any given time.[2]

“Statin” drugs that lower cholesterol levels have been widely touted as the best way to prevent heart disease, but these drugs can have serious adverse effects.

Most alarming is the ability of statin drugs to block the body’s synthesis of Coenzyme Q10, reducing blood plasma CoQ10 levels by up to 50%![3] Since your body needs CoQ10 to ensure healthy tissues and organs, this drug-induced CoQ10 deficiency should not be ignored.

CoQ10 Is Essential for Heart Energy

Coenzyme Q10 has been extensively studied for its role in helping provide energy for normal heart function. It plays a key role in all energy-dependent processes, especially heart muscle contraction.

This important role was established in 1972 when researchers documented a link between CoQ10 deficiency and human heart disease.[4,5]

Not surprisingly, consuming supplemental CoQ10 resulted in significant improvement in patients suffering from cardiomyopathy, a weakening of the heart muscle that increases the risk for abrupt cardiac death.[6]

CoQ10 is also a potent antioxidant that protects LDL cholesterol from oxidation. This is highly relevant to cardiovascular health, because oxidation of LDL cholesterol is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerosis and clogged arteries.[7]

Research Results:  CoQ10 & Heart Health

Researchers have concluded that even heart transplant candidates, heart attack patients, and sufferers of congestive heart failure have experienced major improvements after receiving supplemental CoQ10. The following results of recent CoQ10 studies are especially noteworthy:

• In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, CoQ10 was given to patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation. Those receiving CoQ10 improved in the 6-minute walk test, and showed a decrease in dyspnea (labored breathing), nocturia (excessive nighttime urination), and fatigue.[7]   The most significant result was the 6-minute walk test where patients treated with CoQ10 improved their walking performance from 269 to 382 meters. By comparison, walking performance decreased from 254 to 177 meters in the placebo group.[8]

• A double-blind trial involving 144 heart attack patients (after acute myocardial infarction or “AMI”) confirmed that receiving 120 mg of CoQ10/day for one year significantly lowered total cardiac events, measures of oxidative stress, and the prevalence of fatigue as compared to placebo. The CoQ10 group also exhibited notably higher mean plasma levels of vitamin E and HDL (“good”) cholesterol at the end of the one-year period.[9]

• When oral CoQ10 was given to stable congestive heart failure patients, researchers noted improvement in functional capacity, endothelial function, and left ventricle heart contractility (efficiency), without any side effects.[10,11]  Endothelial function refers to the health of the interior surface of blood vessels.

Coenzyme Q10 is essential for the heart’s production of energy, heart health and survival.  Moreover, statistical data show that low CoQ10 levels can lead to death within 6 months.[12]  Continuing research has confirmed that plasma levels of Coenzyme Q10 are reliable, independent predictors of survival in patients with chronic heart failure.[13]   Considering the importance of maintaining adequate levels of Coenzyme Q10, supplementation with this key nutrient is well worth considering.

Improving CoQ10 Absorption with Bioperine

Before any nutrient can be effective, it has to be absorbed through the body’s digestive processes. That’s why Bioperine, a purified, standardized extract of black pepper (fruit, Piper nigrum L or Piper longum L), is so beneficial when co-administered with Coenzyme Q10.  Bioperine was shown to enhance absorption and utilization of various nutrients when it was co-administered with them. One study of particular importance confirmed that the bioavailability of powdered Coenzyme Q10 was increased by over 30% when it was taken with Bioperine.[14]

Daily support for your heart health with targeted, research-based nutrients doesn’t have to be complicated. An excellent heart-protective formulation is now available which includes both Coenzyme Q10 and Bioperine, along with tocotrienols, grape seed extract, garlic, L-carnitine, L-taurine and hawthorn extract.  The recommended dosage for this convenient, comprehensive formula is four capsules daily.

This post is Part One of a 4-Part series on Super Nutrients for Your Heart.

References:

1.  Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2012 Update : A Report From the American Heart Association, Circulation. 2012; 125: 188-197.
2.  NCHS Data Brief, Death in the United States, 2009, (64) July 2011, www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db64.pdf
3.  Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins, Caso G, et al, Am J Cardiol, 15; 99(10): 1409-12, May 2007.
4. Langsjoen, Peter H, MD, Introduction to Coenzyme Q10 (Research Rpt), Tyler, TX, 1994.
5. The Emerging Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Aging, Neurodegeneration, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus, Dhanasekaran M, Ren J, Current Neurovascular Research, 2(5):447-59    (13), December 2005.
6.  Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds, Textbook of Natural Medicine – Coenzyme Q10, Gaby AR; Mischley LK, St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp 859-69, 2006.
7.  Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study, Berman M, et al, Clin Cardiol, 27(5):295-9, May 2004.
8.  Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: an update, Littarru GP, and Tiano L, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 8(6):641-6, Nov 2005.
9.  Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction, Singh RB, et al, Mol Cell Biochem, 246(1-2): 75-82, Apr 2003.
10.  Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure, Belardinelli R, et al, Eur Heart J, August 1, 2006.
11.  Coenzyme Q10 improves contractility of dysfunctional myocardium in chronic heart failure, Belardinelli R, et al, Biofactors, 25(1-4): 137-45, 2005.
12.  Statistical data support prediction of death within 6 months on low levels of coenzyme Q10 and other entities, Jameson S, Clin Investig, 71(8 Suppl):S137-9, 1993.
13.  Coenzyme Q10; an adjunctive therapy for congestive heart failure?, Molyneux SL, et al, N Z Med J, 122(1305):74-9, Oct 30, 2009.
14.  Piperine derived from black pepper increases the plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 following oral supplementation, Badmaev V,Majeed M, Prakash L, J Nutr Biochem, 11(2): 109-13, Feb 2000.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice consult a health care professional.

Many natural joint health supplements can promote your body’s ability to heal and repair damaged joints over time.  But healing arthritic joints does take time, and it’s important to stay active during the healing process so that strength and stamina are maintained.

Now, scientists have developed a unique, all-natural fatty-acid complex called Celadrin which rapidly decreases inflammation and helps lubricate cell membranes throughout the body.  This reduction in inflammation gives joints and surrounding tissue the opportunity to heal, while relieving pain[1].

Using Celadrin offers many distinct advantages for arthritis sufferers.  Not only does it provide safe, fast-acting joint and muscle pain relief, but scientific studies have also demonstrated that Celadrin:

•    Improved arthritis symptoms when used both orally (softgels) and topically (cream);
•    Significantly reduced pain and inflammation with no side effects[2];
•    Benefited 100% of knee osteoarthritis patients in a recent, double-blind study[2];
•    Offered both immediate and long-term benefits[2,3,4]
•    Significantly improved standing postural stability in knee osteoarthritis patients[5].

What Is Celadrin?

Celadrin is a complex of six special cetylated, esterified fatty acids: cetyl myristoleate, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitoleate, cetyl laureate, cetyl palmitate, and cetyl oleate.  These fatty acids have been stabilized by attaching natural cetyl alcohol. Celadrin’s safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in several clinical trials published in internationally acclaimed medical journals.[2]

How Does Celadrin Work To Relieve Pain So Quickly?

In 2008, Dr. Robert Hesslink presented basic research showing that Celadrin works by interacting with membrane receptors involved with the inflammatory cascade. The results of Dr. Hesslink’s studies were described to a group of scientists and industry leaders at the NutriGenomics meeting in Paris, France.

Dr. Hesslink’s presentation included studies conducted by a leading international clinical discovery organization for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, in which Celadrin was shown to inhibit thromboxane, a compound that strongly promotes inflammation and local tissue damage through a variety of mechanisms.[6]

Celadrin works similar to–but much more dramatically than–the essential fatty acids EPA and DHA from fish oils.  Celadrin’s complex blend of esterified fatty acids provides many vital and beneficial effects for the inflammatory responses in the body.  Celadrin induces changes at the cellular level, within the cell membranes, which positively affect the cell membranes’ responsiveness.  This aids in the reduction of cartilage breakdown in the joints.

Simply put, Celadrin decreases inflammation and helps lubricate cell membranes throughout the body, restoring fluids that cushion bones and joints to promote flexibility and mobility. Over time, because of the reduction of inflammation delivered by using Celadrin, the joints and surrounding tissue have an opportunity to promote healing.

100% of Knee Osteoarthritis Patients Received Benefit from Celadrin Cream

In a double blind study conducted at the University of Connecticut, 40 patients with osteoarthritis of the knees were randomly assigned to receive either Celadrin cream or a placebo.

Patients were tested on three occasions: (1) baseline, (2) 30 minutes after initial treatment, and (3) after 30-day treatment of cream application twice per day.  Assessments included knee range-of-motion, timed “up-and-go” from a chair, stair climbing, and two other functional tests. For stair climbing ability and the up-and-go test, significant decreases in time were observed 30 minutes after the first administration and after one month of use only in the Celadrin group.

Furthermore, range-of-motion of the knees increased with Celadrin both 30 minutes after the initial application and after one month’s use. 100% of the osteoarthritic subjects using Celadrin showed significant improvement in just 30 minutes and cumulative benefits throughout the remaining 30 days of the study.  In contrast, no difference was observed in the placebo group.[2]

Oral Celadrin Works In Two Weeks

In a 60-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 93 subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee, patients were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks, 4, weeks, and 8 weeks during which they underwent extensive functional  evaluations (including a 6-minute walk test) to measure pain levels and the impact of pain on activities.[3]

Those patients receiving Celadrin capsules demonstrated significant improvements at all time points compared with their baseline evaluations, while the placebo group was slightly worse than baseline for the remainder of the study. The between-group comparisons were statistically significant in favor of the active group within only 2 weeks.[3]

It was concluded that subjects with moderate knee OA were able to significantly reduce their pain and significantly increase their functional ability when taking cetylated fatty acids (Celadrin) compared with placebo.[3]

In another two-month study, 64 patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis were evaluated at baseline and at 30 and 68 days after consuming either placebo or Celadrin.[4]  Upon completion of the study, patients treated with Celadrin exhibited significant increase in knee flexion as compared to  patients given placebo. The authors of this study concluded that oral Celadrin, compared to placebo, provides an improvement in knee range of motion and overall function in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Celadrin is thought to be an alternative to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis.[4]

Functional Improvement in Knees, Elbows, Wrists, Feet & Ankles

In a more recent study, Dr. William J. Kraemer’s team enrolled 28 patients: 10 with knee osteoarthritis, 10 with wrist osteoarthritis, and eight with elbow osteoarthritis. Each patient applied the Celadrin cream with menthol to the affected area twice a day for a week. Participants underwent testing before and after treatment.  In individuals with knee OA, significant improvements in stair-climbing ability (about 12%), “up-and-go” performance (about 12%), balance and strength (about 16.5%), and range of motion (about 3.5%) were observed, as were reductions in pain. In individuals with severe pain of the elbow and wrist, significant improvements in dynamic (about 22 and 24.5%, respectively) and isometric (about 33 and 42%, respectively) local muscular endurance were observed, as was a reduction in pain.[1]

A further 30-day study by Dr. Kraemer’s team examined the effects of Celadrin cream on static postural stability and plantar pressures in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of one or both knees in 40 human subjects.[5]  “Postural stability” refers to one’s ability to move and then maintain a remarkable variety of postures, without falling.  Severe pain, articular damage and quadriceps muscle weakness associated with OA of the knee contribute to postural instability via loss of motor control. Measurements of “plantar pressure” assess foot and ankle functions during gait and other functional activities.

The results of this study showed that 30 days of treatment with Celadrin cream significantly improved standing postural stability in patients with knee OA. The greater postural stability observed in patients with OA was considered the result of pain relief. The authors of this study concluded that Celadrin cream may help improve the exercise trainability of people with osteoarthritis.[5]

The clinical efficacy of Celadrin has been published in such esteemed journals as the Journal of Rheumatology and the Journal of Strength Conditioning and Research.  It has been shown that Celadrin reduces joint and muscular discomfort within 30 minutes of topical application.[1,2,5]   Using a combination of Celadrin cream in conjunction with oral Celadrin, for both immediate and long-term pain relief and tissue repair, makes good sense.

See Related Articles

• 5-Loxin: An Herbal Powerhouse for Taming Arthritis Pain and Inflammation
• Phellodendron Extract Shown to Protect Against Painful Osteoarthritis Joint Damage
• For Long-Term Joint Pain Relief, Choose Glucosamine, MSM and Chondroitin over NSAIDs
• Bothered By Aching Joints? New Natural Cream Relieves Pain in 30 Minutes
• Powerful Tree Compound Safely Relieves Pain & Protects Against Cancer

References:

1.    A cetylated fatty acid topical cream with menthol reduces pain and improves functional performance in individuals with arthritis, Kraemer WJ, et al, J Strength Cond Res, 19(2):475-80, May 2005.
2.    Effect of a cetylated fatty acid topical cream on functional mobility and quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis, Kraemer WJ, et al, J Rheumatol, 31(4):767-74, Apr 2004.
3.    Oral Cetylated Fatty Acids for the Improvement of Functional Ability and Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, Udani J, et al, Report on the 4th Annual Natural Supplements Research Competition, Bonakdar RA, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(6): 683-684, August 2007.
4.    Cetylated fatty acids improve knee function in patients with osteoarthritis, Hesslink R Jr, et al, J Rheumatol, 29(8):1708-12, 29(8):1708-12, Aug 2002.
5.    Effects of treatment with a cetylated fatty acid topical cream on static postural stability and plantar pressure distribution in patients with knee osteoarthritis, Kraemer WJ, et al, J Strength Cond Res, 19(1):115-21, Feb 2005.
6.    The Cellular Basis for the Efficacy of Celadrin in the Treatment of Joint Pain and Discomfort, Hesslink R, ScD, NutriGenomics Conference, Paris, France, March 14, 2008.

NOTICE: The information herein is intended for educational purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, prescribe, treat or prevent any disease or endorse any brand or product. For medical advice, consult a health care professional.